What is the Permanent wave??
A permanent wave, commonly called a perm, involves the use of chemicals to break and reform the bonds of the hair. The hair is washed and wrapped on a perm rod and waving lotion is applied with a base. This solution creates a chemical reaction that softens the inner structure of the hair by breaking some of the cross links within and between the protein chains of the hair. The hair swells, stretches and softens, then molds around the shape of the perm rod.
How it works?
Before.
After apply the 1st solution.
Thioglycolic acid and alkali solution cut off the cystine binding.(reduction and reaction).
After winding.

Cystine binding is shifted by a rod and relocate.
Therefore the curl is formed.
After apply the 2nd solution.

2nd solution rebonding cystine connection.
This is called(take the hydrogen oxidation reaction) recombination of cystine.
Therefore, hair curl will be completed to restore elasticity remains to be wound.
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